Cloud computing has become a cornerstone of modern IT infrastructure. It enables businesses to access computing resources such as servers, storage, databases, networking, and software over the internet on a pay-as-you-go basis. This shift from traditional on-premises data centers to cloud platforms has transformed how companies innovate, scale, and operate their IT systems.
Among the major players in the cloud computing market, Microsoft Azure stands out due to its broad range of services, global reach, and seamless integration with existing Microsoft products. Azure empowers organizations to adopt cloud technologies for various workloads, including application development, data storage, analytics, artificial intelligence, and Internet of Things (IoT).
The growing adoption of Azure creates a high demand for skilled professionals who can manage and administer cloud resources efficiently. As businesses increasingly migrate to the cloud, IT professionals with Azure expertise become valuable assets, driving digital transformation and enabling innovation.
Overview of the Azure Administrator Role
An Azure Administrator is responsible for managing cloud infrastructure and services on the Azure platform. This role includes configuring, monitoring, and maintaining resources such as virtual machines, storage accounts, virtual networks, and security controls.
Azure administrators work closely with development teams, security engineers, and business stakeholders to ensure cloud environments are reliable, secure, and cost-effective. They implement policies that govern resource access and usage, optimize performance, and troubleshoot issues as they arise.
The role demands a thorough understanding of Azure services, networking concepts, identity management, and security practices. Administrators use tools like the Azure portal, Azure PowerShell, Azure CLI, and Azure Resource Manager templates to automate and streamline their tasks.
The Azure AZ-104 Certification: Purpose and Scope
To validate the skills required for effective Azure administration, Microsoft offers the AZ-104 certification exam. Passing this exam demonstrates that a candidate has the knowledge and practical abilities to manage Azure cloud resources.
The certification targets IT professionals who have experience working with Azure and want to prove their competence in deploying, configuring, and maintaining cloud infrastructure. It is an essential step for those aspiring to roles such as Azure Administrator, Cloud Engineer, or Systems Administrator.
The AZ-104 exam evaluates candidates across multiple domains that reflect the core responsibilities of an Azure administrator. These domains include:
- Managing Azure identities and governance
- Implementing and managing storage solutions
- Deploying and managing compute resources
- Configuring and monitoring virtual networks
- Monitoring and maintaining Azure resources
The exam measures proficiency not only in understanding concepts but also in applying them to real-world scenarios.
Detailed Exam Domains and Their Relative Importance
The AZ-104 exam content is divided into several focus areas, each with a designated weight to indicate its significance:
Managing Azure Identities and Governance
This domain covers identity management using Azure Active Directory, role-based access control (RBAC), and policies. It tests the ability to secure access to Azure resources, manage user accounts and groups, and implement governance controls to maintain compliance.
Implementing and Managing Storage
Candidates are tested on their knowledge of Azure storage solutions, including Blob storage, file shares, queues, and tables. The ability to configure storage accounts, secure data, and manage backups is essential.
Deploying and Managing Compute Resources
This section focuses on virtual machines, container services, and app services. Exam takers must demonstrate the ability to provision compute resources, scale workloads, and automate deployment and management tasks.
Configuring and Monitoring Virtual Networking
Networking skills are crucial in Azure administration. This includes setting up virtual networks, subnets, VPN gateways, and network security groups. Candidates must also know how to monitor network traffic and diagnose connectivity issues.
Monitoring and Maintaining Azure Resources
Monitoring is vital to ensure system health and performance. This domain assesses knowledge of Azure Monitor, alerts, log analytics, and security monitoring.
Understanding these domains allows candidates to prepare strategically, focusing on areas with higher exam weights while ensuring a balanced grasp of all topics.
Cost and Value of the AZ-104 Exam
The AZ-104 certification exam is typically priced around $165, although prices may vary slightly depending on the country or testing center. This fee grants access to the official exam, which is proctored either in person or online.
While the cost may seem significant, it reflects the value of earning a credential that validates in-demand cloud skills. Certification enhances professional credibility and can lead to better job opportunities and higher salaries.
Investing in certification also motivates candidates to engage deeply with Azure’s capabilities, ensuring they develop practical knowledge that benefits their careers and employers.
The Microsoft Azure AZ-104 certification serves as a benchmark for IT professionals aiming to excel in cloud administration. It covers a broad set of skills necessary to manage and optimize Azure resources effectively.
By understanding the exam structure, focus domains, and the role of an Azure Administrator, candidates can approach their preparation with clarity and confidence. Achieving certification not only supports individual career growth but also contributes to organizational success in cloud adoption.
Core Skills Required for Azure Administration
An Azure Administrator must possess a strong technical foundation to effectively manage cloud resources. The core skills span several areas, including identity and access management, storage solutions, compute resources, networking, and monitoring.
Identity and access management is critical because it controls who can access Azure resources and what actions they can perform. Understanding Azure Active Directory, configuring users and groups, and implementing role-based access control (RBAC) are essential. Properly managing identities helps maintain security and compliance while enabling collaboration.
In terms of storage, administrators must be familiar with different Azure storage types, such as Blob storage for unstructured data, file shares for SMB protocol access, and managed disks for virtual machines. Skills in setting storage tiers, controlling access through shared access signatures (SAS), and managing backups are necessary to ensure data availability and resilience.
Compute resources primarily involve virtual machines, containers, and app services. Administrators need to know how to deploy virtual machines with the right configurations, scale compute power according to demand, and automate deployments using Azure Resource Manager (ARM) templates or scripting tools like PowerShell and Azure CLI.
Networking expertise is another pillar. Configuring virtual networks, subnets, network security groups, and gateways is required to enable secure and efficient communication between Azure resources and on-premises environments. Understanding network routing, firewall configurations, and load balancing helps optimize network traffic and maintain security.
Monitoring is essential to maintain the health and performance of Azure environments. Familiarity with Azure Monitor, log analytics, and setting up alerts enables administrators to detect and respond to issues proactively. Additionally, knowledge of security monitoring tools helps identify vulnerabilities and mitigate risks.
Managing Azure Identities and Governance
Azure Active Directory (Azure AD) serves as the backbone for identity and access management in Azure. Administrators must know how to create and manage users, groups, and service principals. Managing identity protection features like Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA) and conditional access policies enhances security.
Governance features such as Azure Policies and Management Groups enable organizations to enforce rules and compliance across resources. Administrators implement policies to restrict resource types, enforce tagging, and control locations where resources can be deployed.
Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) allows fine-grained access management. Administrators assign roles to users or groups at different scopes (subscription, resource group, resource) to follow the principle of least privilege, ensuring users only have the permissions they need.
Implementing and Managing Azure Storage Solutions
Azure provides several types of storage services catering to different needs. Blob storage is ideal for storing unstructured data like documents, images, and backups. File storage supports shared file systems accessible via SMB protocol, suitable for lift-and-shift migrations.
Managed disks are used with virtual machines for persistent storage. Administrators choose between standard HDD, standard SSD, or premium SSD based on performance requirements. Understanding replication options like locally redundant storage (LRS) and geo-redundant storage (GRS) is vital for data durability.
Managing access to storage is performed using access keys, shared access signatures (SAS), and Azure AD-based authentication. Administrators also configure lifecycle management policies to automatically tier or delete data based on usage.
Backup and disaster recovery strategies ensure data protection. Azure Backup and Azure Site Recovery services offer options to protect against data loss and enable business continuity.
Deploying and Managing Compute Resources
Virtual machines (VMs) form the core compute resource in Azure. Administrators must know how to select appropriate VM sizes and images, configure networking and storage, and apply extensions for post-deployment management tasks.
Scaling compute resources is often necessary to handle variable workloads. Azure offers options like VM scale sets, which enable automatic scaling based on metrics. Containers and Kubernetes (via Azure Kubernetes Service) provide lightweight alternatives for deploying and managing applications.
App Services allow hosting web apps and APIs without managing infrastructure. Administrators deploy, configure, and scale app services, leveraging built-in support for continuous deployment and integration with development workflows.
Automation is key to efficient management. Using ARM templates, administrators deploy resources declaratively, ensuring consistency and repeatability. PowerShell scripts and Azure CLI commands enable task automation and bulk operations.
Configuring and Monitoring Virtual Networking
Networking connects resources within Azure and to external networks. Setting up virtual networks (VNets) with subnet segments sets the environment for organization and security. Network security groups (NSGs) act as virtual firewalls controlling inbound and outbound traffic.
VPN gateways and Azure ExpressRoute establish secure connections between on-premises networks and Azure, supporting hybrid cloud architectures. Understanding routing tables and peering enables administrators to control traffic flow efficiently.
Load balancers distribute traffic across multiple resources, improving availability and performance. Azure Firewall and DDoS protection help secure networks from external threats.
Monitoring network health involves tracking metrics like latency, throughput, and packet loss. Azure Monitor and Network Watcher provide tools for diagnostics, alerting, and logging.
Monitoring and Maintaining Azure Resources
Proactive monitoring ensures that Azure environments remain healthy and performant. Azure Monitor collects telemetry data across resources, enabling visibility into usage patterns, bottlenecks, and errors.
Administrators set up alerts to notify teams of potential issues, such as high CPU usage or failed deployments. Log Analytics aggregates logs from various sources for in-depth analysis.
Security Center provides recommendations to improve the security posture and compliance status of the environment. Regular audits and reviews help identify configuration drift and vulnerabilities.
Maintenance activities include patch management, updating resource configurations, and scaling infrastructure in response to changing demands. Automation plays a vital role in reducing manual effort and errors.
Recommended Experience and Prerequisites
While there are no formal prerequisites for the AZ-104 exam, practical experience with Azure is strongly advised. Candidates should have a good understanding of cloud concepts, virtualization, networking fundamentals, and operating systems.
Experience working with Azure for at least six months in roles involving resource deployment, configuration, and management helps build the skills needed to succeed in the exam and real-world scenarios.
Familiarity with scripting and automation tools enhances efficiency and prepares candidates for advanced cloud operations tasks.
Training and Preparation for the AZ-104 Exam
Preparing for the Azure AZ-104 exam requires a combination of theoretical knowledge and hands-on practice. Microsoft provides official learning paths that cover all exam objectives, but candidates often supplement these with additional resources such as online courses, practice tests, and study guides.
Structured training programs help candidates understand key concepts such as managing Azure identities, configuring virtual networks, and deploying compute resources. These courses often include labs and exercises that simulate real-world scenarios, enabling learners to apply what they have studied.
Self-paced learning offers flexibility, allowing candidates to focus on weaker areas and move at their speed. Many training providers offer on-demand courses, live virtual classes, and instructor-led workshops.
Practice exams are essential for evaluating readiness. They familiarize candidates with the exam format and question types, reduce anxiety, and help identify knowledge gaps. Repeated practice boosts confidence and improves time management skills.
Hands-on experience in an actual Azure environment is invaluable. Candidates should explore the Azure portal, create and manage resources, write scripts using Azure CLI and PowerShell, and experiment with ARM templates. Practical exposure solidifies theoretical understanding and enhances problem-solving skills.
Career Opportunities After Earning the AZ-104 Certification
Earning the Microsoft Azure AZ-104 certification opens a wide range of career opportunities in the rapidly expanding field of cloud computing. As more organizations migrate their infrastructure and applications to the cloud, the demand for skilled Azure administrators continues to grow. This certification validates a professional’s ability to effectively manage Azure environments, making certified individuals highly valuable assets to employers.
Roles Suited for AZ-104 Certified Professionals
The AZ-104 certification is primarily designed for Azure Administrators, but the skills acquired can lead to various other roles in the IT industry. Some of the most common job titles for AZ-104 certified professionals include:
- Azure Administrator: This is the core role for AZ-104 certified individuals. Azure Administrators are responsible for managing cloud services that span storage, networking, and compute capabilities. They monitor cloud resources, configure virtual networks, manage identities and governance, and ensure security and compliance. Azure Administrators play a critical role in supporting cloud-based infrastructure.
- Cloud Engineer: Cloud Engineers design, implement, and maintain cloud infrastructure and services. AZ-104 certification equips professionals with the foundational skills needed to build and manage Azure resources, making them well-suited for Cloud Engineer positions where they may be involved in larger cloud projects, including migrations, integrations, and optimizations.
- Systems Administrator: Many traditional system administration roles now include cloud infrastructure management. Systems Administrators with an AZ-104 certification can manage hybrid environments where cloud and on-premises systems coexist, effectively bridging the gap between old and new technologies.
- Infrastructure Engineer: These professionals are responsible for designing and managing the underlying infrastructure that supports enterprise applications. With Azure becoming a backbone for many enterprises, Infrastructure Engineers who understand Azure resources, virtual networking, and storage options are increasingly sought after.
- DevOps Engineer (Entry-Level to Mid-Level): While DevOps roles often require more specialized skills, AZ-104 certification holders with additional knowledge in scripting and automation can transition into DevOps positions. They support continuous integration and continuous deployment (CI/CD) pipelines by managing infrastructure as code and automating resource provisioning.
- Cloud Support Specialist: Companies with cloud infrastructure need support teams to troubleshoot issues, provide user assistance, and optimize cloud environments. AZ-104 certification ensures that support specialists have sufficient Azure knowledge to diagnose and resolve cloud-related problems.
Industry Demand and Market Trends
The cloud computing job market has been growing steadily, and Azure skills are among the most in-demand globally. Many organizations are shifting to a multi-cloud strategy, but Azure remains a leading platform due to its seamless integration with Microsoft products and services.
Industries that actively hire AZ-104 certified professionals include:
- Financial Services: Banks and insurance companies use Azure for secure data storage, analytics, and compliance. Certified Azure Administrators help maintain the strict security and governance standards required in this sector.
- Healthcare: With patient data confidentiality and compliance regulations such as HIPAA, healthcare providers leverage Azure to build scalable, secure environments. AZ-104 professionals are critical in ensuring data protection and managing cloud services.
- Government and Public Sector: Governments use Azure for citizen services, data management, and interdepartmental collaboration. Administrators with AZ-104 certification help maintain security and policy compliance in these sensitive environments.
- Retail and E-commerce: Retailers benefit from cloud scalability to handle fluctuating traffic during sales events and holidays. Azure administrators help ensure uptime, performance, and integration with supply chain and inventory systems.
- Technology and Software Development: Tech companies use Azure for application hosting, development, and testing. Certified professionals manage the infrastructure and assist development teams in deploying applications efficiently.
- Manufacturing and IoT: Azure’s capabilities extend to IoT and industrial applications. Azure Administrators help deploy and manage the infrastructure supporting smart factories and connected devices.
The job market reflects a high salary potential for certified Azure professionals. According to recent data, the average salary for Azure Administrators ranges from $85,000 to $140,000 annually, depending on experience, location, and industry. Mid-level professionals with 4-7 years of experience often earn above $120,000 per year. Additionally, contractors and consultants with AZ-104 certification can command lucrative hourly rates.
Career Growth and Progression
The AZ-104 certification serves as a stepping stone for further career advancement in cloud computing. It lays the foundation for more advanced certifications and roles. Here is how professionals can progress:
- Specialization Certifications: After gaining experience with AZ-104, many professionals pursue specialized certifications such as Azure Security Engineer (AZ-500), Azure Solutions Architect (AZ-305), or Azure DevOps Engineer (AZ-400). These certifications open doors to higher-level and more specialized positions.
- Senior Azure Administrator: With additional experience, professionals can move into senior administrative roles where they oversee larger environments, mentor junior staff, and lead cloud projects.
- Cloud Architect: This role involves designing complex cloud solutions and infrastructure strategies. It requires a broader understanding of cloud technologies and often builds on the foundation laid by the AZ-104 certification.
- Cloud Consultant: Experienced administrators can work as consultants, helping organizations plan and execute cloud adoption, migration, and optimization strategies.
- IT Manager or Cloud Operations Manager: Professionals who combine technical skills with leadership and project management can move into managerial positions, leading teams responsible for cloud infrastructure and operations.
Career growth is also supported by continuous learning and staying updated with evolving Azure services and best practices. The cloud industry rewards professionals who demonstrate adaptability and a commitment to skill enhancement.
Real-World Impact of AZ-104 Certification
Holding the AZ-104 certification proves that an individual has the practical skills needed to manage Azure resources effectively, which directly impacts business operations. Certified professionals help organizations:
- Improve Cloud Efficiency: By optimizing resource usage and implementing automation, Azure administrators reduce operational costs and increase system reliability.
- Enhance Security Posture: Managing identities, configuring network security, and monitoring compliance reduces the risk of breaches and data loss.
- Ensure Business Continuity: Administrators design and maintain backup and disaster recovery plans, minimizing downtime and ensuring data availability.
- Accelerate Cloud Adoption: Skilled administrators enable organizations to migrate workloads to Azure smoothly and manage hybrid cloud environments.
- Support Innovation: By maintaining a stable cloud infrastructure, Azure administrators allow development teams to focus on innovation rather than infrastructure issues.
Global Opportunities and Remote Work
The demand for Azure-certified professionals is global, offering job opportunities across continents. Many organizations embrace remote work for cloud roles due to the nature of cloud administration, which relies heavily on remote management tools and portals.
Remote work expands career options, allowing certified professionals to work for companies worldwide, participate in international projects, and balance work-life commitments better. This flexibility adds to the attractiveness of the AZ-104 certification in today’s job market.
Soft Skills and Additional Competencies
While technical expertise is crucial, successful Azure administrators also possess soft skills such as problem-solving, communication, and teamwork. They often collaborate with diverse teams, including developers, security specialists, and business stakeholders.
Project management skills help in organizing and executing cloud projects efficiently. Time management and adaptability are essential for handling dynamic cloud environments and evolving organizational needs.
Combining AZ-104 technical skills with these soft skills enhances employability and career longevity.
Preparing for the Job Market
After earning the AZ-104 certification, candidates should actively seek to build a professional profile by:
- Building a Portfolio: Documenting projects, labs, and real-world experiences with Azure resources demonstrates practical abilities.
- Networking: Joining cloud computing forums, attending webinars, and engaging with the Azure community increases visibility and access to job opportunities.
- Continual Learning: Staying current with Azure updates and gaining knowledge in complementary areas like security, automation, and DevOps strengthens career prospects.
- Seeking Internships or Entry-Level Positions: For those new to the field, practical experience is key. Starting in junior roles and gaining experience builds confidence and expertise.
In conclusion, the Microsoft Azure AZ-104 certification is a powerful credential that opens a wide spectrum of career opportunities. It equips IT professionals with the skills needed to manage cloud environments, addresses market demand for cloud expertise, and supports career advancement in an evolving digital landscape.
The Growing Demand for Cloud Skills in the IT Industry
Cloud computing continues to reshape the IT landscape, with Azure positioned as one of the leading platforms. Organizations are migrating workloads to the cloud to leverage scalability, agility, and cost efficiency.
This shift drives a growing demand for cloud professionals with expertise in Azure administration. According to industry reports, cloud-related job postings have increased substantially, reflecting the need for skilled talent.
Employers seek candidates who can deploy and manage cloud infrastructure, implement security best practices, and automate operational tasks. The AZ-104 certification serves as a reliable indicator of such capabilities.
As cloud adoption grows, skills in related areas like DevOps, security, and data management also become valuable. Azure administrators often collaborate with developers, security teams, and data engineers, highlighting the need for cross-disciplinary knowledge.
Benefits of Microsoft Azure in Business Transformation
Microsoft Azure offers a comprehensive suite of cloud services that support business growth and innovation. It enables companies to build, deploy, and manage applications across a global network of data centers.
Azure’s flexibility allows organizations to adopt hybrid cloud models, combining on-premises infrastructure with cloud resources. This hybrid approach facilitates gradual cloud adoption while maintaining legacy systems.
The platform supports diverse workloads, from simple web apps to complex AI and machine learning projects. Integration with Microsoft tools like Office 365, Dynamics 365, and Power Platform enhances productivity and collaboration.
Azure provides robust security features, compliance certifications, and governance tools to protect data and meet regulatory requirements. Businesses benefit from continuous updates, scalability, and cost control through pay-as-you-go pricing.
By leveraging Azure, companies can accelerate digital transformation, improve customer experiences, and innovate faster than competitors.
Cost Efficiency and Scalability with Azure
One of Azure’s key advantages is its cost model, which allows organizations to pay only for the resources they consume. This consumption-based pricing reduces upfront capital expenditures and aligns IT spending with actual business needs.
Administrators can optimize costs by selecting appropriate VM sizes, using reserved instances, and applying auto-scaling to adjust resources dynamically. Azure Cost Management tools help monitor spending and identify cost-saving opportunities.
Scalability enables businesses to handle fluctuating workloads without performance degradation. Azure’s global infrastructure ensures low latency and high availability by distributing resources geographically.
For small and medium enterprises, Azure offers the ability to access enterprise-grade infrastructure and services without large investments in physical hardware.
Effective preparation for the AZ-104 exam combines learning, practice, and real-world experience. Achieving this certification enhances career prospects by validating essential Azure administration skills.
The cloud job market continues to grow rapidly, driven by widespread Azure adoption. Professionals with AZ-104 certification find themselves well-positioned for roles that involve managing complex cloud environments.
Azure empowers businesses to transform through scalable, secure, and cost-effective cloud solutions, making knowledge of this platform critical for modern IT professionals.
The Role of an Azure Administrator in Enterprise Cloud Infrastructure
Azure Administrators are central to managing and maintaining an organization’s cloud environment. They ensure that cloud resources are properly configured, secured, and optimized to meet business goals. Their responsibilities span across identity management, storage solutions, compute resource deployment, networking, and monitoring.
An Azure Administrator manages user identities and access controls to safeguard sensitive data. They configure virtual networks and ensure connectivity between cloud and on-premises systems. Administrators also oversee resource provisioning, ensuring that virtual machines and applications run efficiently.
By monitoring performance and implementing security policies, administrators help maintain compliance with industry standards and regulations. They are also responsible for backup and disaster recovery planning to prevent data loss and minimize downtime.
The role demands collaboration with developers, security teams, and business stakeholders to align cloud operations with organizational objectives. Administrators continuously update their skills to keep pace with evolving cloud technologies and best practices.
Advanced Skills and Expertise for Azure Professionals
As cloud environments grow more complex, Azure Administrators develop advanced skills beyond the basics. Expertise in automation, scripting, and infrastructure as code enables them to streamline deployments and reduce manual errors.
Knowledge of PowerShell and Azure CLI allows administrators to automate routine tasks, manage resources at scale, and implement consistent configurations across environments. Using ARM templates or tools like Terraform supports repeatable infrastructure deployment.
Security expertise is crucial, including implementing network security groups, firewalls, identity protection, and encryption. Understanding compliance frameworks such as GDPR or HIPAA helps ensure cloud environments meet legal requirements.
Administrators with DevOps skills contribute to continuous integration and continuous deployment (CI/CD) pipelines, facilitating faster application delivery and infrastructure updates.
They also monitor cost management and optimize resource utilization to balance performance with budget constraints.
Microsoft’s Commitment to Supporting Azure Professionals
Microsoft invests heavily in supporting the Azure ecosystem through comprehensive documentation, learning platforms, and certification paths. The AZ-104 certification is part of a broader set of Azure credentials designed to validate skills at various levels and specialties.
Continuous updates to learning materials ensure candidates have access to the latest information reflecting platform changes. Microsoft provides hands-on labs, tutorials, and practice exams to enhance preparation.
Community forums, events, and user groups offer opportunities for networking and knowledge sharing. Microsoft also collaborates with training partners to deliver instructor-led courses worldwide.
This commitment ensures that Azure professionals have the resources needed to succeed in their roles and adapt to the rapidly evolving cloud landscape.
The Outlook of Azure and Cloud Computing Careers
Cloud computing is expected to continue its rapid growth, with Azure playing a leading role in the market. Innovations in artificial intelligence, machine learning, edge computing, and serverless architectures will expand the scope of cloud services.
Azure Administrators will need to adapt by learning new tools and integrating emerging technologies into their workflows. Skills in automation, security, and hybrid cloud management will become increasingly valuable.
The demand for certified cloud professionals will remain strong, driven by ongoing digital transformation efforts across industries. Organizations will prioritize cloud agility, cost efficiency, and security, creating diverse career opportunities.
Cloud certifications like AZ-104 will continue to be recognized benchmarks of expertise, helping professionals differentiate themselves and advance their careers.
Final Thoughts
The Microsoft Azure AZ-104 certification represents a critical step for IT professionals aiming to specialize in cloud administration. It validates the skills necessary to manage Azure environments effectively, contributing to business success in a digital world.
By developing expertise in identity management, storage, compute, networking, and monitoring, certified administrators become vital assets to their organizations. Preparation through training and hands-on experience is essential to mastering these skills.
The evolving cloud landscape offers promising career opportunities for Azure professionals. Microsoft’s ongoing support and the platform’s continuous innovation ensure that learning and growth in this field will remain rewarding.
Achieving the AZ-104 certification not only enhances professional credibility but also opens pathways to new roles, higher salaries, and meaningful contributions to enterprise cloud strategies.